Steps on How O Prepare Seminar Workshop Essay Example for Free

Steps on How O Prep are Seminar Workshop EssayConducting a successful seminar workshop requires a great deal of preparation and confidence. Its important to follow a in small stages blueprint to successfully conduct workshops, from the preparation stage to the final evaluation. 1. Select your presentation topic found on your expertise and goals and on the needs of your target audience. Research your subject thoroughly. 2. Decide who your audience provide be and why they are attending so you can tailor the content to their needs. 3. Choose a presentation format. A workshop is hands-on, with participants who are engaged by doing, building, creating or learning a skill. 4. return the length of your presentation based on the amount of material you wish to convey and audience needs. envision the workshop structure, including how much time will be alloted. Build in enough time for introductions, activities and questions in addition to each learning section.5. Create an outline for the flow of your presentation. Formulate three or quaternary (no more than six, depending on time available) key learning objectives. Use them as section headings for the main proboscis of content. Include facts, discussions and interactive exercises in your content. Set realistic times for each section. 6. Select optical assist for your presentation. Use interesting, unusual and amusing visual aids to help participants understand and retain information. These strength let in a slide show or PowerPoint presentation, a flip chart, a video, a demonstration, role play, items pulled from a grab bag, live animals, a game or contest, or even food or beverage, depending on your workshop topic. Ensure that the visual aids are clear and concise, can be seen from both flow in the audience and do not contain mistakes or contradict one another. Limit visual aids to an average of about one every 15 minutes. Other sensory aids might be appropriate, depending on your topic. However, one wel l chosen aid is better than sensory overload. If you are grown a demonstration, be sure to allot more time for preparation and equipment.7. Ask frequent questions to force discussion among participants, maintain attention and take pressure off yourself. Make the information interesting by using examples, stories and metaphors. 8. Prepare cue cards or notes with bullet points to remind yourself of the content during your delivery and occur it flowing. 9. Practice in advance of the seminar. Ask a friend or colleague to participate in practice sessions and provide constructive feedback. Memorize your introduction to increase your confidence as you get started. decline the time and content as required. 10. Maintain clear speech, steady pace and good eye link throughout.Use appropriate humour to keep the atmosphere enjoyable and informal while also disguising any mistakes. Control your time schedule but also allow some flexibility. TIPS AND WARNINGS IN PREPARING A SEMINAR SYMPULSIOM shop * End with a question and answer session for a specific length of time. If there are more questions than time allows, offer to respond later by e-mail or next time. * let on out evaluation forms and make sure you get them back. You wont know how to improve without feedback. * Never use up verbatim from a Power Point presentation.

The Movers of the World and Their Importance to Society Essay Example for Free

The Movers of the human beings and Their Importance to Society EssayA someone with an AK -47 automatic assault rifle steps in the local mall and shoots all the employees and kills them. The owner comes in and realizes that the most important part of his company is no longer around to sell and take orders to help it keep it running. So just like a company without people to help run it, a company without a person with the knowledge of calculating machine study knowledge isnt going to charm far .Well, not as quickly as everyone else in receiving and issuing out information. Obtaining a degree in reckoner information science go forth give me an opportunity to join a lot of jobs from different causa of companies. It allow give me the sympathy of the communication system net trifleing in business .I leave alone get a broad view of what type work settings I will be working in with a degree in figurer information science. Also I will get a quick view of what formed computing machine information science and will I make enough money to take a canvass thru the Bahamas every year.An individual with a degree in computer science will be understand problems, creating new technologies, and carrying out research. They will as well as come up with new rooms to apply a new idea that is dealing with computer use and expound them to others. Companies now and days are bend to computers because it is a quicker way to communicate with mass people, other businesses and send and receive information. Having the knowledge of computer science is another way to keep up with daily, monthly and yearly activities. In order for a company to keep up with the business world of today they must have got someone who has guts of computer operations.I chose computer science because there are lots of positions that I can get from that degree. Although there are different concentrations in that degree I still have plenty of options to discern from with a concentration in network ing. Networking gives me the options of choosing different job titles. I could go for system analysts because systems analysts are the briny individuals in the success of any company. They create new systems while dealing with exist capabilities of technology that is avail. I could be a database administrator, processing all the company data since all companies have information that they want to keep up with. Any concentration of computer science will entrust the holder to build any organization networking for the users can be able to get information from out-of-door networks such as email communications.Computer scientist can also be working to have deep down company network communications running mellifluous. Another reason I chose this job is because the work environs will be relaxing and with flexibility. Computer systems analysts, database administrators, and computer scientists generally work in pleasant work environments such as research laboratories or offices. Given t he advanced technology options available to many businesses and professionals it is also possible to telecommute. Networks evolve and expand people can work from home and other non-office locations (Guide to college majors in computers science, 1999).Like I said before there are many titles for computer information science in a variety of jobs if not 90% of jobs and the recompense varies.An systems analysts can earn from $73,000 on up. information administrators can earn up to $68,000.If one want to further their career and get a subdue s in computer information science then they can earn a salary of $97,000 to $121,000 yearly. While it is possible to find jobs as researchers or adjuncts with only a masters degree, a doctors degree in computer science is usually the least needed for careers in academia and research (Paley, 1999). I consider all them good paying prospects.All companies deal with numbers in the sense of mathematics. dupe been birth from the mathematics department, its best to know its characteristics and be grounded with them. The main characteristics are calculus,algebra,physics and chemistry (Paley, 1999). math is the foundation and employers are sounding for the that type of potential to keep the company moving toward the future.Technology is pass on and being created everyday and that is creating positions in companies.Jobs have different names for the same job field and obtaining a higher degree in your field can move you up in the company.You can fuck off as a database entry -level worker and move up to a data administrator. Certification is essentially a standard process in the industry (Computer science,technology and database administration careers and jobs 2012). That is the main reason employers are looking for people with degrees or certifications stating computer information science.Businesses flourish with the knowledge of computer information science. Living in todays world people are impatient with questions and are quic kly coming up with ideas. People want a quick way to solve these problems and distribute them fast. Computers are a way to satisfy that need and companies are in competition in recruiting people who have the networking skills with computers. One will need that skill to keep the company interacting with people inside and outside the company in a quick way. Having the mathematical mind will help solve problems that will give a person the one up on the next person in job searching. Having a computer information science degree will give one the opportunity to work from the comfort of their home to a nice office setting with the ability to maneuver around personal living. On top of that, you will be earning that salary to take that trip to the Bahamas every year.ReferencesGuide to college majors in computers science. (1999). Retrieved 11 29, 2012, from worldwidelearn http//www.worldwidelearn.com/online-education-guide/technology/computer-science-major.htmCareer overview. (2012). Retrieve d 11 29, 2012, from Computer science.technology,and database administration careers and jobs http//www.careeroverview.com/computer-science-careers.htmlPaley, I. (1999). computer science degree information. Retrieved 11 29, 2012,

Educational Preparation Essay Example for Free

Educational Preparation EssayDifference in Competencies Between Associate and Baccalaureate item Nurses There is much controversy surrounding the issue of the disparity in competencies between nurses educated at the Associate (ADN) and Baccalaureate (BSN) train. This paper will discuss those deviances in relation to Professional values, and risk- taking lean. This paper will discuss how, even though numerous studies go through been make that show there is little protestence between the competencies of ADNs and BSNs, there is, in fact, a distinct difference. No one can deny that the wellness c argon industry has come a long way. This does non exclude the breast feeding field. There is a huge push by the Magnet hospitals to maintain that 80% of their nursing staff carry bachelors degree degrees by the year 2020. This is due to changes in the healthcare delivery system, as well as cost-containment (Masters, 1989). While baccalaureate prepared nurses have better access to jobs as new graduates and are seemed at as being better prepared for the clinical workforce, until they have been work in the clinical sector there is really no difference between the experience level of an associate or baccalaureate prepared nurse.There is too a gray area, because graduates of both levels of didactics take the same licensing exam, and also have the same legal responsibilities (Masters, 1989). In the article Analysis of Differences in Entry-Level RN Practice by Educational Preparation, June E. Smith states that there was a very mop up relationship in pattern of practice between recently graduated Associate and Baccalaureate nurses (2002). She also wrote that Within the first 6 months of practice, ADN and BSN graduates performed activities with remarkably similar frequencies (Smith, 2002, p. 494). It is shown in the article Professional value Held by Baccalaureate and Associate Degree Nursing Students, that there have been no significant differences found betwee n the two groups (Martin, 2003, P. 292).This particular study was done out of a random selection of graduating students from a turn of events of baccalaureate and associate degree programs in the state of Texas. These nurses rated their professional values using the Nurses Professional determine Scale (NPVS), as taken from the 1985 American Nurses Association Code of Nursing (Martin, 2003). Findings of this study concluded that aged nursing students in ADN programs did not differ significantly from their counterparts in BSN programs (Martin, 2003, p. 293). According to Marcia L Masters, role specialization between ADNs and BSNs is not clearly defined in terms of conclusiveness making responsibility (1989, p. 391).In this same article, Masters quotes W. Weiss (1985), Taking risks means different things to different people. One person may look at a situation as a challenge for success, where another will look at it as a threat of failure. Through the course of this study, it was f ound that nurses had a higher risk taking propensity than the normal population, but there were no significant differences in risk taking propensity noted between the ADNs and BSNs studied. This includes both education and experience.Although in practice, BSNs may be given more(prenominal) opportunities for decision making, this study indicated the willingness to take the risk in making decisions is fairly evenly distributed between ADNs and BSNs (Masters, 1989, p. 394). Contrary to what these studies have shown, there is a distinct difference in the competencies of ADNs and BSNs. According to the National League of Nursing (NLN, 2011), a baccalaureate degree expands on the knowledge and capabilities acquired in an associate program. Where associate programs focus on the enduring and their family, baccalaureate programs tend to focus more on community nursing and leadership. There is a broader scene of nursing that is learned in a baccalaureate program. In the article The Differe nces Between Associate Degree Nurses and the Baccalaureate Degree Nurses, The author states a nurse with a BSN has more opportunities to work in a variety of health care settings that offer an extensive array of opportunities for professional growth. Baccalaureate-prepared nurses can be bedside nurses, educators, cause managers, discharge planners, administrators, and work in public health, home health, and community clinics (Moore, 2009).She continues to explain how associate prepared nurses are focused more on the technical aspects of care, where Baccalaureate prepared nurses are focused more on evidenced-based clinical practice and leadership (Moore, 2009). Moore also agrees that in skill competency, there is not much difference between ADNs and BSNs, but that BSN nurses show greater critical thinking skills, better problem solving, and the development of clinical judgment three skills of increasing importance for the increase in acuity of patients in hospitals and other health care settings (2009). As a new graduate ADN, the author of this paper has insufficient experience to signalize a specific patient care situation in which approaches to decision making may differ between associate and baccalaureate prepared nurses.It comes to light from research, however, that a baccalaureate prepared nurse is more competent in thinking on the fly. As stated earlier, baccalaureate prepared nurses have better clinical judgement and problem solving skills, which are crucial in an emergency or damage situation, where the patients have a higher acuity level. It seems that as far as newly graduated nurses are concerned, there is not much of a difference in bedside skill competencies between ADNs and BSNs. A baccalaureate degree, however, better prepares the newly graduated nurse for critical thinking, problem solving and better judgment in emergency situations. A baccalaureate degree gives the nurse more opportunities for advancement and movement within the nursing fiel d, and also prepares the BSN for graduate study. This is important especially when it comes to the nations hospitals movement toward Magnet Status.References1. Martin, P., Yarbrough, S., Alfred, D. (2003). Professional Values Held by Baccalaureate and Associate Degree Nursing Students. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, Third Quarter, 291-296. Retrieved January 19, 2013, from http//library.gcu.edu2048/login?url=http//search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx? manoeuvre=truedb=cmedmAN=14562499site=eds-livescope=site2. Masters, M., Masters, R. (1989). Risk-Taking Propensity of Nurses ADN and BSN. Journal of Nursing Education, 28(9), 391-396. Retrieved January 14, 2013, from http//library.gcu.edu2048/login?url=http//search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=rzhAN=1990100566site=eds-livescope=site3. Moore, D. S., PhD., RN., CNM., MN., MPH. (n.d.). West Coast University Deans tree The Differences Between Associate Degree Nurses and the Baccalaureate Degree Nurses. West Coast University Nurs ing Programs Los Angeles, Orange County, interior Empire. Retrieved January 20, 2013, from http//www.westcoastuniversity.net/deanscorner/print.php?article=224. Ridley, R. (2008). The Relationship Between Nurse Education Level and Patient Safety An combinatorial Review. Journal of Nursing Education, 47(4), 149-156. Retrieved January 15, 2013, from http//library.gcu.edu2048/login?url=http//search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=rzhAN=2009885996site=eds-livescope=site5. Smith, J. (2002). Analysis of Differences in Entry-Level RN Practice by Educational Preparation. Journal of Nursing Education, 41(11), 491-494. Retrieved January 18, 2013, from http//library.gcu.edu2048/login?url=http//search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=rzhAN=2003013823site=eds-livescope=site

Special Educational Needs Sen Education Essay

Special educational Needs Sen Education EssayThe term comprehension is difficult to define, with many professionals having their own theories on what cellular inclusion is .One of the most controversial but mayhap true definitions of inclusion comes from the Salamanca Statement whereby educational accomplishment is perceive as being secondary to the development of the self through personal choice(Hodkinson and Vickerman, 2009).This education and definition relates forthwith to the rights-based model and discourse(Dyson,2000) this reinforces the rights of a child and their entitlement to an education . To implement this type of inclusion both schools and society necessitate to recognise and disable the obstacles that constrain a childs choices and their capability to reach their full potential (Hodkinson and Vickerman, 2009).The term SEN was devised in the 1970s by the Warnock Report (DES, 1978, cited in Hodkinson and Vickerman, 2009). Lady Warnock reconciles in her report that authorities should consider the root of including all children into mainstream schooling if that is where they will learn victoriously (Kent, 2005).The 1981 Education Act came after the Warnock report .This pertly piece of legislation affected the entire education musical arrangement, and was seen to sport a positive influence on the education of children with SEN (Potts, 1995). The Act prohibited any child from being deprived of an education, and impressively reinforced inclusion whenever it was possible (Kent, 2005).The Education Act describes a child with SEN as nighone who has a learning bar which appeals for finicky educational conditions to be made for them. This includes any child below the age of 19 who is a recorded pupil at an educational institute (DfEE, 1996 and SENDA, 2001, cited in Hodkinson and Vickerman, 2009). Frederickson and Cline (2007) suggest that many people comprehend special educational desires with special needfully. They propose a child has a special need if they originate from a community whose conditions or upbringing is dis uniform from the majority of the school populace. Thus content that a special need does not necessarily manifest itself as SEN (Frederickson and Cline, 2002, cited in Hodkinson and Vickerman, 2009).The Education identification number calls for an official legal opinion of all alleged SEN children, a provision upheld by later legislations. A statement of Special Educational call for is formed and complied by educational authorities, who are accountable for outlining the extent of the childs needs and recommending educational strategies and resources to suit the child.The SEN statements are used to situate children into mainstream schools if the childs requirements can be met, they do not suppress or hinder other childrens learning and is an efficient use of the authorities resources (Kentworthy and Whittaker, 2000). In 2003, deep down the UK in that location was anticipated to be over 1.7 mill ion children with possible SEN and of these children around 250,000 of them had a formal statement (Russell, 2003).It could be argued that the statement process and the use of the term SEN is negatively associated to the medical model opinion of handicap (Hodkinson and Vickerman, 2009). Frederickson and Cline (2007) prevail that the process of assessing a child with SEN is completed by scrutinising the separate child. It is expected that the foundation of the problem is inwardly the child and that they must be afflicted with a disability or a learning impairment.The assessment process is thought to be comparable to a medical diagnosis by establishing what classification of disability the child suffers from. It has been advocated that this method of labelling, is disrespectful and distressing to the specific child and also has an impact on the panache in which their learning is sustained (CSIE, 2005, cited in Hodkinson and Vickerman, 2009).Segregation, due to the labelling proce ss is a normal determine for a child with SEN .Children whitethorn be excluded from mainstream schools and placed in a special school or within a mainstream classroom children may miss out on lessons to be educated by the special needs intelligent or more commonly the designated article of belief assistant. The medical model has perhaps move anticipations of a child with SEN. Some consider handicapped children as abnormal, because they are constrained to what they can accomplish. Frederickson and Cline (2007) state that being handicap was defined by society in terms of defect, physical and emotional deficiencies were believed to impose limitations on cognitive advancement. As a consequence obstructions to achievement and social development were forced upon children with SEN (Frederickson and Cline, 2007, cited in Hodkinson and Vickerman, 2009).Law (1993) suggests some parents of children with SEN would prefer a diagnosis, as they feel it helps them comprehend and prepare for the problems their child may be confronted with. Parents also feel that a statement can help to gain access to expert help and advice and secure a place in a special school. Hanson et al (2001) argues that the majority of parents receive inclusive locations for their children with SEN, although parents did have apprehensions about the teachers level of training and experience.Corbett (2001) claims teachers are enthusiastic to support inclusion when relations with children who have a mild disability. There is nevertheless the proposal that teachers do not have the similar inclusive idea in relation to those children who show severe behavioural problems (Wedell, 2005).Inclusion for certain children is being deferred because the educational system is not fit to include them because of the obstructions of lack of knowledge, lack of will, lack of vision, lack of resources and lack of faith (Clough and Garner 2003 87 cited in Hodkinson and Vickerman, 2009).Study in this topic establishe s that for these children, teachers consider that exclusion is essential due to their experience within the classroom (Corbett,2001).The previous Government, encouraged teachers to improve personalised learning for all students (Milliband, 2004, cited in Wedell, 2005).This was think to inspire a more receptive approach to teaching. While the majority of teachers no doubt get to do this, the difficulties within whole-class teaching stipulate how difficult this is to accomplish. Additionally, such targets require understanding and time to apply. David Hargreaves (2004) states traditional teachers are not educated adequately enough to deal with the varieties of responsibilities now outlined for them (Wedell, 2005).The quality of teaching for pupils with different needs has been an concern that has prevented the effective application of SEN and inclusion strategies .The Programme of Action(DfEE,1998)specified the need for teachers to undertake fine training in special educational nee ds and the previous Government also agreed that effective practice is being obstructed by the same issue(DfES,2004).There seems to be a common opinion amongst educational professionals that the training they receive to prepare themselves for the teaching and accommodating of children with SEN is woefully inadequate(Corbett,200122).To aid teachers, the process of grouping pupils is allay commonly used in the classroom. This technique was introduced so that teachers could prioritise and plan differentiated lessons. The tensions this inflicts on children and the complications it creates for teachers have been extensively acknowledged. David Hargreaves statedPedagogy in schools is about mastering the art of controlling the behaviour of some thirty young persons of the same age, who are reluctantly enclosed in a room of meek size and who can be easily managed as thirty kittens can be herded.(Hargreaves, 20012 cited in Wedell, 2005)Hartley also mentionsIf the government retains a bias t owards whole- class, traditional pedagogy, then the costs may be reduced, teachers may be tamed, high-stakes scores will rise, and procedures may be standardised. But the economic benefits are likely to be few in the long term.(Hartley, 200391 cited in Wedell, 2005)These interpretations specify how features of the structure of schooling present difficulties for children with SEN in general. The government has introduced a mass deployment of teaching assistant(TAs)to aid teachers in these dilemmas , but class grouping assuage exists within a classroom .The provision of learning support assistants(LSAs)for pupils with special educational needs is perhaps a method of softening the blow for teachers who are in mainstream classes. It is recognised that the velcro-ing of LSAs to pupils occasionally becomes a system of within-class segregation (Wedell, 2005).The Pragmatic discourse states that for schools to achieve a more inclusive ethos, support will be needed to develop polices and pra ctice(Dyson,2000) that not only allows all children to be supported but also convey the needs of the teachers as well (Hanko, 2003 cited in Hodkinson and Vickerman, 2009).Frederickson and Cilne (2002) declare that for schools to develop inclusion they must scrutinise how they capability encourage involvement of the diversity of pupils that they assist within the community (Hodkinson and Vickerman, 2009).The Political discourse discusses the struggle (Vlachou, 1997, cited in Dyson, 2000) between views of teachers, parents and MPs. These conflicting opinions cause national education policies and legislations to frequently aggravate each other in their execution.The Audit Commission (2002) noticed that the application of the Statement process proceeded to pull finance away from local anesthetic education authorities(LEAs).Funding for pupils with a statements ran at ten times the funding available for children with mild to moderate SEN without a statement.The 2004,OFSTED report on pro gress in inclusion found that for some schools inflexible timetabling ,staffing and non-existence initiative were handicaps to successful progress. Whereas The Audit Commissions (2002)refer to the predicaments faced by schools ,as they are put under pressure to achieve better academician results and to become inclusive(Wedell, 2005).In England, educational requirements for children with SEN are administrated by the Special Educational Needs Code of send (DFES, 2001a, cited in Hodkinson and Vickerman, 2009).Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales have similar Codes. The Code was launched in schools in 2002.The Code of Practice inside information the standards for the management of SEN provision (Soan, 2005, cited in Hodkinson and Vickerman, 2009).The Codes key objectives are that a child with SEN should have their needs met, their needs will ordinarily be met in mainstream schools, the views of the child should be considered and children with SEN should be offered a diverse and auth oritative education. The principles within the Code work alongside the statement of inclusion that exists within the National Curriculum (Soan, 2005, cited in Hodkinson and Vickerman, 2009).The National Curriculums principles of inclusion maintain that teachers will set appropriate learning tasks for all children, respond to childrens change learning requirements and overcome possible barriers to learning.It is evident that these two statements, conflict with each other ,due to the fact that they cogitate to different models. Within the Code the childs difficulties are perceived to be the focus which associates the Code to the medical model, .(Soan,2005, ,cited in Hodkinson and Vickerman, 2009).Whereas the statement of inclusion expresses links to the social model as it looks at improving factors such as the learning environment (Alcott,2002).If the hurdles of implementing inclusion are to be weakened it would seem obvious that .. individual pupils. must be at the core of all we d o(Coles and Hancock,2001, cited in Hodkinson and Vickerman, 200988). A common issue with implementing inclusion is that perhaps to much time is spent over concerns about inputs and settings when perhaps more time should be spent on developing experiences and outcomes for the pupils.

The Vital Capacity Test In Football

The springy cleverness Test In Footb exclusivelyFoot freak has become a sport that interest by all population in this world. To play or become a good football pretender, the soulfulness moldiness master m either skills and have a healthy physical and genial. Football players also must trust speed, strength, agility, power, and endurance as basic qualities before the individual skills inherent to the playing of soccer can be utilized and depend on the order such as justification, strikers, midfielder and goal keeper. The understanding of the physical and the mental demands of the sport impart enable a more scientific approach to the schooling of soccer players by (Bell and Rhodes 1975 Caru et. al. 1970 Fardy 1969).Football is one of the sports that need naughty intensity of workload or physical activity, for example the conspiracy of walk and repeated sprints need sufficient reco genuinely between activity. Stated by (Nicks et. al. 2006) and Romer et.al.So the player must h ave strong muscles, high muscular endurance, have strong core and have high level of aerobic capacity beca function the football game be played for 90 minutes. So the training must contain high aerobic training to improve cardiovascular and pulmonary functions so the athlete can cope with the sport.Physiological assessment of athletes can provide an opportunity to realize or try on the adaptation to specific types of exercises and training. These adaptations can be valuable to the clinician, coaches and athletes themselves. For example, lab test that can be spring to examine the adaptation to specific types of exercises and training. To test the adaptation to the lung we can use pulmonary functions test to examine the effectiveness of lung muscles functioning, to check the resilient capacity and to estimate the lung books.The function of the lung is to deliver O2 to gas exchanged out-of-doors and exhaust CO2 to atmosphere. To achieve this with brain functioning normally, brea th begins with contraction of inspiratory muscle enlarging the thorax, lowering intrathoracic and pleural pressures, enlarging the alveoli and glorioleways, expanding the alveolar gas so reducing its pressure below atmospheric. Air at atmospheric pressure must flow into the thorax where it is conducted to, and diffuses, out into the alveoli. The carriage of assembly line through the airways depends on the noticeability of the tube as well as on the consistency of the lung and the power of the respiratory muscles. At any one moment approximately 100ml of desaturated blood, with a strong affinity for O2, is spread over an argona of 70 square meters( area of pulmonary capillary bed ) separated from air by a tissue layer 0.2 micron thick. Oxygen from alveolar air diffuses rapidly across the alveolar capillary membrane and is eventually chemically combined with hemoglobin molecules within the circulating red blood cells (RBC), CO2 diffuses into opposite pedagogy and is eliminated in expired gas.The full of life capacity test is one of the oldest and most common respiratory tests. The standard of vital capacity (VC) simply requires that an individual blow as large a breath of air as possible into a spirometer. Thus, the person expels three of the four components of the intact lung volume when performing the vital test. There are inspiratory reserve volume (IRV), tidal volume (TV) and expiratory reserve volume (ERV). It provides an indirect indication of the size of the lung, although it is not a complete sum of money of the entire lung size because it does not account for residual volume. In general facts, vital capacity relate to three uncontrolled characteristics which are age, stature and gender.Lung function measurements also may be made for some(prenominal) reasons. They are useful in describing the lung for diagnostic purpose and subsequently in monitoring change. Accuracy and consistency are therefore very important, and a convention exists for th e procedure of measurement and expression of result. In general, a measurement forget merely be accepted after multiple attempts have been scrutinized and expressed under standard conditions. These are normally body temperature and atmospheric pressure.To guarantee accuracy, laboratory practice should include regular physical and biological standardization of the equipment. Standard for good laboratory conduct have been described greatly by British thoracic Society or association of respiratory technologist and physiologist 1997. In health there are several factors which influence the magnitude of the lung function. These include height, sex, age, and to a lesser degree weight and ethnic origin (Cotes1979, Anthonisen1986). As a result, assessment of normalcy can only be compared with reference values. The better can be obtained from the study of larger looks of normal people from the relevant population (European community for Coal and mark 1983). Once obtained, results can be expressed as percentage predicted or, more correctly, by comparison with the 95% confidence interval for the valves.Problem statement.It is interesting to know whether there are any variant of lung volumes and lung capacities brutal on the different position in the football team such as striker position and defenses position. In football team, the defenders position tasks are different with the striker position task, for example the defensive position, the chore of the centre backs orcentral defendersis to stop opposing players, disperseicularly the strikers, from getting the opportunity to score, and to clear the ball from their own penalty area. So usually the defense has big physical to stop the striker, but different with the striker position, usually the strikers position players have not too big physical, because these positions are for the fast person to score the goal.This study of pulmonary function of the Uitm football players meanspirited on position, have taken stud ents meeting of both striker position and defense position of aged between 19-25 years and focused on essential parameters including, FVC and has used Spirometer. The spirometer device used to assess these parameters. This study mainly concentrates on lung parameters including Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) and how far it varies base on the position such as striker and defense. The FVC also use to assess the lung function of Uitm soccer players.Operational Terms1.2.1 Exhalation is act or an instance of exhaling air.From diary sources Masaoka Y, Satoh H, Akai L, Homma I. (2010)1.2.2 Inhalation is the drawing of air or other substances into the lung.From internet sources http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki1.2.3 Total lung capacity are refers to the total amount of air in the lungs after taking the deepest breath possible.From internet sources http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki1.2.4 Ventilation is a cyclic process of inspiration and expiration whereby optimal levels of Oxygen and cabondioxide are mai ntained in the alveoli and arterial blood.1.2.5 tidal Volume (VT) is defined as the amount of air that is inspired and expired during normal resting ventilation.1.2.6 Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) is the maneuvers in which the maximum amount of air that can be exhaled following a inspiratory effort.1.2.7 Maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) can be defined as the maximum volume of air that can be breathed by a person in one minute.From internet sources http//www.answer.com/ motion/maximum-breathing-techniqueObjectivesIn this study, there are some purposes or objective that can be seen. They areTo measure the level of fitness of Uitm football players by using force vital capacityy test.To study whether there is a different in pulmonary functions base on position in football team such as defense and striker.1.4 HypothesisH-There is no material different on pulmonary functions in football position such as striker and defenseH-There is significant different on pulmonary functions in footb all position such as striker and defense1.5 Significant of the studyThe significant of this study is mainly to measure and compare the lung volumes and capacities among the Uitm football player base on their position. Does the football position such as striker position and defenses position have differences set up on the lung volumes and capacities? The study is important because it can help certain peoples such as coach, physiotherapy and athletes especially in any kinds of sports to improve pulmonary functions. In addition, this study also can increase familiarity of coach and athletes, and show them how important is to have efficient and strong lung to improves their performances for their sport.1.6 DelimitationThe first delimitation is the number of any kinds of research subjects, which consists thirty (n=30) age range from 19-25 years old will take part in this study. The subjects are selected in the Uitm football team and physically active and all the participants must be he althy. The subjects are divided into two groups of defense and striker. The others delimitation is the subject gender and age. The test will be conduct in Physiology Lab.LimitationIn this study, the participants involved may have some experience in vital capacity test. The participants that will be selects in this study will be participating in the lab test by using spirometer. The participation is important in this study because it can dissemble the results and data if the participants do not cooperate and participate willingly.Besides that, the time constrains also can be one of the factors because the participants have their own schedules and will clash with the test schedules and can not attend the test.In addition, money can be a problem because, there is no sponsored in this study. The daily activities of the participants will not be controlled.AssumptionIn this study, it can be assumed that all the participants can do and completed the vital capacity test. Thus, I also belie ve and make sure that all the participants will understand and follow all the instruction given by the technician. The researchers also predict that all the participants are physically active and healthy.The researcher assumed that the test in this study instrumentation was appropriate for the arse population. I also predict that all the participants fully understood the types of test and method and how to perform it correctly.

The Admired Character Traits Of Ancient Greece English Literature Essay

The Admired Character Traits Of Ancient Greece English Literature striveIn the epic poem The Odyssey, a courageous hero, Odysseus, displayed many estimable traits, even though at times his actions brought pain and suffering to others he loved. These faults may founder inflicted a substantial amount of desolation and crucifixion to particular individuals, entirely these transgressions were inadvertent and failight-emitting diode to muti youthful the true image of the mavin during his many journeys. Odysseus is depicted as a dedicated warrior beca handling his prominence and cajole resulted in his depiction as a god-like patternure among manpower and a worthy king amongst his people. Odysseus carnal dominance earned himself respect and his erudition and exceptional nature was admired by altogether of his followers. His dictating role in the Trojan War placed a large emphasis his military effectualness as a fighter and as a human being. Odysseus demonstrate his intellectu al abilities when devising strategic plans of set on, much(prenominal) as the penetration of troy with the infamous Trojan horse. Nestor, Menelaus, Achilles, and Agamemnon, spoke highly of their comrade in solution to his service. For all of the Achaeans who strove at Troy it was Odysseus who strove the hardest and achieved the most. Odysseus actions were have intercoursen finishedout the land, no more(prenominal) so than in his own country, Ithaca. Even though Odysseus was absent for more than a decade, many citizens were remedy loyal and hopeful of his return.A brisk characteristic trait that was admirable in past Greece was physical strength due to their environment and dedication to succeeding in war situations. time accounting what happened aft(prenominal)er terce of his men ate the flower of the sacred lotus Eaters, Odysseus recalls, I drove them, all three wailing, to the institutionalizes, ties them consume under their wrangle benches, and called the rest Al l hands aboard come, clear the beach and no one taste the Lotus, or you meet your hope of home (985). To drag three grown men, who were also very strong and equally fit, onto a ship against their will and tie them up creates the image of a great physical challenge for Odysseus for the reader. The story states, All three wailing, translates that they were fighting against Odysseus, which extends his challenge to a more demanding stage. Next, Odysseus exemplifies his brute physical strength during his plan to disable a cyclops by ramming a monstrous spear into the eye of the Cyclops. now by the gods, I drove a big hand arm deep in the embers, charring it again, and cheered my men along with battle talk to storage bea their courage up no quitting now. The pike of olive, green though it had been, red-faced and glowed as if about to catch. I drew it from the coals and my four fellows gave me a hand, lugging it draw close the Cyclops as more than natural force nerved them straigh t advancing they sprinted, lifted it, and rammed it deep in his crater eye, and leaned on it turning it as a shipwright turns a drill in planking, having men beneath to swing the two-handled strap that spins it in the groove (992). An event in which Odysseus well exemplifies his physical strength occurred in the claiming of Penelope because and arrow would have to good-by by means of a series of targets using the bow that Odysseus had left in arrears when he went to war. Shockingly, none of the suitors could string the bow, merely now the Odysseus could string the bow with a negligible amount of effort. When the suitors failed to pull the bow to shoot the arrow with the targets, Odysseus genuinely pulled the bow to its fullest length then drove the arrow absolutely through the targets. In conclusion, Odysseus defies the limits of strength which boosts his probability in completing challenges cursorily and more precisely than other heroes.Mental quickness and the abilities t o fight through mental challenges is a major characteristic trait that places a picturesque line between Odysseus and other heroes of ancient Greece. When Odysseus and his lot were trapped in the cave of the Cyclops, Odysseus tricked the Cyclops into becoming drunk so the Cyclops would go into a state of dizziness to increase the probability of defeating the Cyclops.Odysseus purposely offered the Cyclops some of the sweet wine of maron in which was stronger than other wines because it was non weaken with water. When the Cyclops was drunk, he asked Odysseus his severalise, hardly he lied and s c be his public figure was Nohbdy which was a high intelligence decision on his part. He didnt know how to escape at first after this, provided he and his men ended up heaving up a pointed stick and plunged it into its eye, which is where the name Nohbdy came into play because other Cyclops were ready to spring into action when they hear the cries, but the Cyclops yelled out that Nohbdy was attacking me. The Cyclops was blind and opened the cave door, and Odysseus and his crew returned to the ship. On the way away from the island, Odysseus called foul that if anyone ever asked who blinded him, he should reply, Tell him Odysseus, raider of cities, took your eye Laertes son, whose homes on Ithaca. Secondly, the sirens were evil spirits that were half woman and half bird that led sailors to their decease with their song. To prevent this, he blocked up the ears of his men with beeswax, but he had himself laced to the mast of the ship so that he could hear their song. He forewarned his men that if he used sign language to be released, they should splice him tighter. After that, during the crews encounters with Scylla and Charybdis, Odysseus is wise in not informing them of the future events that is to that extent to come because he deserved full participation and effort from his crew instead of panic. When Scylla made her strike, Odysseus positioned the boat to wh ere only six of his crew would be whisked by the arms of the sea monster instead of endangering all of his crew. hence Scylla made her strike, whisking six of my best men from the ship. I happened to glance aft at ship and oarsmen and caught sight of their arms and legs, dangling high overhead. Voices came down to e in anguish, calling my name for the last time (1010). A final explication of Odysseys mental abilities was when Odysseus returned home, he found that his married woman had many suitors who wished to get hitched with his wife and claim his possessions because they believed that he was dead. She tricked them to keep them at bay because she did not want to marry any of the suitors. She threw a tournament, and Odysseus took part in it, but under disguise so as not to be observe by the suitors. The contest was to see if they could wield Odysseus bow, and to shoot an arrow through the holes of 7 axes that had been lit on combust, and Odysseus won easily winning derriere the hand of Penelope. The Odyssey is a perfect lay outal of how Odysseus can succeed in using Brains over Braun.A vital characteristic trait that all of ancient Greeces heroes and gods possessed were bravery and perseverance and to conduct themselves accordingly no matter the intensity of the situation. Eurylochos considers Odysseuss perseverance to be exceptional because he still had the fortitude to tell his crew to sail on past a potentially safe island retreat for the night after constant the horrors of Scylla and Charybdis. You are a hard man, Odysseus. Your force is greater your limbs neer wear out. You must(prenominal) be made all of iron, when you will not let your companions, dim with hard work and wanting sleep, set foot on this land, where if we did, on the sea girt island we could once more make ready a penurious dinner but you force us to blunder along just as we are through the running night, driven from the island over the misty face of the water (12.279-285). At this time Charybdis sucked down the seas salt water, but I reached high in the air above me, to where the tall fig tree grew, and caught hold of it and clung like a bat there was no place where I could firmly brace my feet, or climb up it, for the roots of it were far from me, and the branches hung out far, big and long branches that overshadowed Charybdis. Inexorably I hung on, waiting for her to vomit the keel and mast back up again. I longed for them, and they came late at the time when a man leaves the law court, for dinner, after sound judgment the many disputes brought him by litigious young men that was the time it took the timbers to await from Charybdis (12.431-441). This quote proves that Odysseus has mental and physical perseverance and without his willpower, his physical perseverance would go to ruins. This next quote portrays Odysseuss determination and believing and hoping for the best. Of all creatures that breathe and offer on the earth there is nothing more h elpless than a man is, of all that the earth fosters for he thinks that he will never suffer misfortune in future years, while the gods grant him courage, and his knees have spring in them. But when the blessed gods bring sad days upon him, against his will he must suffer it with enduring spirit. For the mind in men upon earth goes according to the fortunes the Father of Gods and Men, day by day, bestows upon them (18.130-137). No matter what back luck got thrown towards Odysseus and his crew, there was nothing simpler than enduring the challenge and hoping for the best because they mastered the skill in perseverance, which ultimately results in surviving the pain of the challenge. Perseverance was the key to surviving in ancient Greece during the times of war and self-defense.In ancient Greece, a necessity to be able to live your live as you wish with overall delight and peacefulness, is to simply treat the gods with respect which will save their life in near death situations. Si nce the gods acquire such super powers, immortality, and control over their followers with human weakness, it is this combination that causes so much torment and suffering. Examples of such human weakness in the story are when Athena takes felicitate in Odysseus, Calypso lusts after Odysseus, and Helios wants revenge on Odysseuss crew. When Odysseus was caught in a storm after leaving Calypsos Island, he is on the verge of death when Odysseus yells, What do you want me to learn? Poseidon responds, That without the gods, man is nothing. This summarizes the necessity of having respect for the gods in the Odyssey. Odysseus also offered any sacrifices to ask forgiveness for their mistakes and for good will. Then I addressed the blurred and breathless dead, vowing to slaughter my best heifer for them before she calved, at home in Ithaca, and burn the choice bits on the altar fire as for Tiresias, I swore to sacrifice a black lamb, handsomest of all our flock. then to assuage the nation s of the dead, I pledged these rites, then slashed the lamb and ewe, allow their blood stream into the well pit (1000.) Finally, Odysseus portrays respect for the gods by praying to them in times of struggle and hardships, such as when he prayed to Apollo to see his wife and son back home. These examples prove the dear respect ancient Greeks gave to the gods because they knew it aid them one day in the future.The next admirable trait in ancient Greece was self-control in which Odysseus exemplifies perfectly in many make during his journey. When Odysseuss crew devour the rich taste of the Lotus, he rest heavy because the drug muddles ones memory so that he forgets about home, but Odysseus remains faithful to his goal of traveling home as soon as possible. But those who ate this honeyed, the Lotus, never cared to report, nor to return they longed to stay forever, browsing on the native bloom, forgetful of their homeland. I drove them all, all three wailing, to the ships, tied them down under their rowing benches, and called the rest All hands aboard come, clear the beach and no one taste the Lotus, or you lose your hope of home (985). Secondly, Odysseus resisted the songs of the Sirens, but even though he was tied up, Odysseus could have used his superhuman strength to unleash himself to the trap of the pleasuring sounds. salutary the end of the Odyssey, Odysseus resists the temptation to fight back against Melanthios and Antinoos because he had learned from his mistakes and decides to hold the unjust blows of the suitors because he knows his revenge has to be plotted in a careful manner. Finally, Odysseus turns down the offer to see Penelope because the suitors may attack him and he wants Penelope alone to test her loyalty. Although Odysseus did not resist every temptation, the one he did resist resulted in his overall enlightenment.In conclusion, those urn to be a attractor must first convey specific qualities if they are to excel in the world. First, w hen each second counts, the ability to quick, but assessed decisions is vital. Next, a true leader will set goals for his followers and push them to their scoop shovel to achieve their goals, but also conveying his own abilities to his followers to portray a true example of determination. After that, knowledge and intelligence of how to use your abilities are vital in accomplishing the set goals. The final and most pregnant trait of a leader is self-discipline and sacrifice. A leader must not only act appropriately in all situations, but also remain humble even if his followers act merely opposite in regards of their goals. According to the Odyssey, Odysseus exemplifies all major traits of a leader that are most admired by ancient Greeks.

Toussaint LOuverture and the Haitian Revolution

Toussaint LOuverture and the Haitian transmutationThis investigation will cover the theme of the Haitian transpose (1791-1804) with the specific focus of the ultra induceer, Toussaint LOuverture. The research oral sex is To what extent did the headlinering of Toussaint LOuverture result in the advantage of the Haitian Revolution? Two of the witnessers used in this investigation include the translation of an story of Toussaint LOuverture and a pa lineament on the Haitian Revolution.Memoir of General Toussaint LOuvertureThe archives of Toussaint LOuverture is a master(a) source as it was written by the transmutationary leader himself during his life. LOuverture wrote this account of the revolution and his reference in it after the Haitian Revolution while he was in prison in 1803. This recital is signifi atomic number 50t to this investigation because it directly tells his account of the events and will be classical in investigating LOuvertures role in the revolution . This docuwork forcet contains judge for its c fit because it is a first hand account of an important historical common fig tree. The narrative begins with LOuverture stating that he was operateed by the cut government to give a aboveboard account and reflection, thus giving it its encourage from mean. This source as well has value from its content because LOuverture discusses battles, important figures, and communications between nations and leaders in keen detail. This document is check by its origin because LOuverture originally wrote this autobiography in French so the document in examination is a translation. A limitation in its purpose is that it was written to account the Haitian emplacement of the date and therefore is twisted because he was only examining mavin side. A limitation in its content is that this document is only matchless mankinds look and it does not present everything from the opposing French view.A Concise floor of the Haitian Revolutio nThe next source is a book on the history of the Haitian Revolution written by Popkins, an American professor and scholar. It was published in 2012, prospicient after the events of the Haitian Revolution, and it is all base on archival research so it is a secondary source. This deduction of this document to this investigation is that it will admit a big mental picture account and analysis of the Haitian Revolution and of Toussaint LOuvertures role. This source has value because it was created for the purpose of historical accuracy and looking at multiple views. Additionally, this source has value for its origin because the author had no personal connection to the events, eliminating potential bias due to the author belonging to one side of the conflict. The author is too stated to be an expert in French and Haitian history, unless eliminating bias because of limited knowledge. A value in its content is that this book examines interpretations from many incompatible sources. A limitation by the content of this source is that the author has no personal knowledge of the events of the Haitian Revolution or of Toussaint LOuverture. The source is also limited by its origin because it was created a long time after the events it covers. Additionally, it is limited because it was created for the purpose of making a short overview of the Haitian Revolution, limiting the detail and specific knowledge included in it.Part B Investigation countersignature count 1255The Haitian Revolution was a bloody uprising and the only successful striver uprising in history (Girard 28) . Haiti was a French hard worker colony until the slaves revolted against France. The revolution resulted in the liberation of the slave muckle and the creation of a sable republic. The slaves had no formal organization and therefore relied on the leadership of one man Toussaint LOuverture. General LOuverture was of African heritage, speaking a native African tongue as well as French (Myers 6 ). His life as a slave gradually improved as he was promoted to high positions and was allowed to live a comfortable lifestyle, including family life, profit, and education (Rainsford 243). His access to education and writings was crucial to his ability to lead militarily and policy-makingly. He gained his freedom after fifty years of sla very(prenominal), by which time he had developed powerfully rooted ideals about his race and their emancipation (Beard 22). When the slave revolts began, LOuverture did not this instant join the mesh and instead, seeing how brutal the uprising slaves were, decided to be patient (Rainsford 246). This demonstrates that LOuverture did not have any role in fountain the slave revolts because he did not join the cause until later. Once he did join the fight, he served as a soldier, and soon was promoted to various leadership roles, under a general kn receive for his brutality (246). At this time, the slaves were fill up with rage and passion and t hey carried out violent attacks. LOuverture saw this and realized that change was not going to come about in this manner. (244). This knowledge lay the basis for LOuvertures level headed approach to war and politics.The slave revolts were generally disorganised and haphazard (Rainsford 243), as none of these slaves had military or political training, let alone basic education. LOuverture joined the revolt equipped with the knowledge to lead a military and political uprising and the case to solicit chase (Rainsford 244). LOuverture had much success as a general fighting the French and a as a nation builder. He claims in his autobiography that the peace and economic success of the island were all his work (Louverture Memoir 295). It would come along that LOuvertures leadership had created a functioning society out of a slave state. Haiti had a working economy under his leadership because he rivet the economy on the agricultural production which had been the status quo during Fre nch overlook when the island produced large amount of c completeee and sugar for Europe (295). Although many Haitians were smoldering with the relatively unchanged economy, it worked to stabilize the infant nation (Rainsford 240). General LOuverture was very successful at leading the slave armies. Along with his assisting generals, Christophe and Dessalines, he was able to pressure all British forces who were at the time in conflict with the revolutionaries to withdraw from the island (Bell 114). He was also very successful in negotiating with the French General Leclerc, who misrepresented Frances orders by attacking LOuverture and his forces. LOuverture was able to calmly act by arranging a diplomatic meeting and creating a gag law about territorial boundaries, proving his advanced diplomatic ability (Louverture Memoir 296). He also proved advanced military ability by defend cities against French Gen. Rochambeau. One specific battle was at La Croix, during which LOuverture fo ught off Rochambeaus force which far outnumbered his own (304). Dessalines and Christophe also proved very equal to(p) and they worked cohesively with each separate and with LOuverture (301). LOuvertures leadership empowered the Haitian people and the slave armies and his reputation had such a lasting effect that he became a gun for hireic figure for anti slavery activism in the U.S. He was set forth by several(prenominal) activists in the mid-1800s as being among historys greatest men (Clavin 38). His character became a symbol of anti slavery idealism and, on a larger scale, of racial equality (35). LOuverture was proof of the ability of disgraceful men to achieve feats comparable to white men, showing that the races were equal (38). His success had revolutionary implications because this was the first time a black slave population had ousted a white population (Popkins 6).It is consistently accepted by the forego sources that LOuverture is the man who lead the Haitians to fr eedom and the start of an independent nation. However, LOuverture had no role in declaring the emancipation of the nation because at the time he was in prison in France. In 1802 LOuverture was imprisoned by France until his death in 1803 (Louverture Memoir 305). Thus, he was absent during the finals days of the revolution. After his imprisonment, Christophe and Dessalines continued the fight and forced out the French armies of Rochambeau and Leclerc (Dubois 41). It was Dessalines, in fact, who officially decl ard Haitis independence and named the nation (History.com). Popkins book, A Concise History of the Haitian Revolution, discusses the less romantic side of LOuvertures rule. LOuverture put in place an sniffy government with the remainder of protecting the freedom of the black population, with himself as the head figure (Popkins 90). The novel government had to be able to protect the people from other revolts indoors the nation, as well as from invasion from other nations ( 91). The fact that there were other revolts within Haiti itself demonstrates that LOuverture was not completely successful at achieving unity. In a letter to the people of Haiti, LOuverture says that around of the Haitians provoke the disunity of citizens and the disorganization of the flow state of affairs, showing that the country was not unified (LOuverture Letter). LOuverture implemented increasingly violent means to maintain his authority, because the Haitian people did not coveting to cooperate with him and in fact, many resented his authority (Popkins 91). Popkins work tells the events from a different angle than the previously discussed sources. While Popkins is not directly contradicting Clavins statement that LOuverture was a great man, he provides us with some contradictory evidence of LOuvertures political achievement (Clavin 38). It becomes clear, whence, that LOuvertures leadership was not flawless, as it is portrayed in some ideological accounts of the man.In summ ary, Toussaint LOuverture was a qualified leader who rose to command the slave armies of the Haitian Revolution. He played an important role in unifying the slave armies as well as building a functioning nation. LOuverture was crucial in organizing the Haitians in revolution against the French and his authoritarian rule kept the nation together despite internal conflict. His character was admired by Haitians at the time and by American anti slavery activists. The general, however, does not play the singular role of Haitian liberator. LOuverture had no role in the beginning of the revolutionary cause, and he had no role in the declaring of independence. Furthermore, there are contrasting views of LOuverture as an idealized hero and as an authoritarian ruler. Many authors write of the general as an majestic man and a symbol of racial equality, yet there is also evidence of him being violent and unsuccessful in unification. To LOuvertures credit, the local spot was far too combustibl e for gradual reform, and he did all that any man could to stabilize the nation (Brown 4). He did more than any other one person did in the efforts to establish the free nation of Haiti. In conclusion, General Toussaint LOuverture was a pivotal figure in the success of the slave armies and in the building of the Haitian nation, but he did not lead the Haitian slaves completely from oppression to republic.Part C ReflectionWord count 412In my investigation, I discovered that the modern-day view of Toussaint LOuverture is one of an idealized hero. His image has been used by many biographers to support anti slavery movements and to explore racial equality. Many secondary accounts of LOuverture give the man high praise and essentially create him as an ideological figure rather than a historical figure. While this situation provides ample work praising LOuverture, it creates an issue in which it is challenging for historians to find purely existent accounts as well as opposing accounts of his role in the Haitian Revolution. I examined base and secondary sources in my investigation. The secondary sources proved expensive in that they provide big picture looks at the events surround LOuverture and the revolution. The primary source of LOuvertures memoir proved valuable because it provided first hand accounts of events which are likely to be completed and truthful. I was challenged with my primary source because it provide only small areas of information, lacking the big picture view of the Haitian revolution which I found in my secondary sources. I in condition(p) from this the challenges that historians face when creating secondary historical works based on primary sources. When doing my research, I located the parts of each work dealing specifically with Toussaint LOuverture. Some of my sources covered much more than my area of focus so I had to limit where I looked within each source. I then organized my sources by their purpose in my investigation informatio n on Toussaints life, positive views of his leadership, and skeptical views of his leadership.While in many areas of research facts can be obtained with pure objectivity, historical research does not have this luxury. In my investigation I gained awareness of the challenges historians face in finding accurate information. Historical archive-based research is challenging because all works contain some level of bias. Another issue I faced is that there is limited documentation available addressing the opposing sides to the Haitian Revolution. This is because the French and European people paid little attention to the slave revolts at the time (Popkins 10). This leaves historians with a limited scope of documentation from which to create secondary accounts. It is the role of the historian to discern the accuracy of sources by evaluating their value and limitations, which I did in my own investigation. I also learned from my investigation that the significance of historical figures may change over time due to historians purposes for writing.Works CitedBeard, John Relly. The breeding of Toussaint LOuverture, the Negro Patriot of Hayti Comprising an key out of the Struggle for Liberty in the Island, and a Sketch of Its History to the Present Period. Chapel Hill, NC U of North Carolina, 2012. Questia School. Web. 15 Mar. 2016.Bell, Madison Smartt. Toussaint Louverture A Biography. New York Pantheon, 2007. Print.Beard, J. R., and James Redpath. Toussaint LOuverture A Biography and Autobiography. Freeport, NY for Libraries, 1971. Print.Brown, Gordon S. Toussaints article The Founding Fathers and the Haitian Revolution. Jackson, MS U of Mississippi, 2005. Questia School. Web. 15 Mar. 2016.Clavin, Matthew J. Toussaint Louverture and the American civilian War The Promise and Peril of a Second Haitian Revolution. Philadelphia U of Pennsylvania, 2010. Questia School. Web. 28 Mar. 2016.Dubois, Laurent. Haiti The Aftershocks of History. New York Metropolitan, 2012. Print. Girard, Philippe R. Haiti The Tumultuous Historyfrom Pearl of the Caribbean to Broken Nation. New York Palgrave Macmillan, 2010. Print.History.com Staff. Haitian Independence Proclaimed. History.com. AE Television Networks, 2010. Web. 11 Apr. 2016.LOuverture, Toussaint. Letter to the Citizens of Color and Free Negroes of Saint-Domingue by Haiti 1791. Themarxists.org. Trans. Mitch Abidor. Marxists.org, 2007. Web. 09 Apr. 2016.Louverture, Toussaint. Memoir of Toussaint LOuverture. Boston James Redpath, 1863. Print.Myers, Walter Dean, and Jacob Lawrence. Toussaint LOuverture The Fight for Haitis Freedom. New York Simon Schuster for Young Readers, 1996. Print.Popkin, Jeremy D. A Concise History of the Haitian Revolution. Malden, MA Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. Questia School. Web. 15 Mar. 2016.Rainsford, Marcus. An Historical Account of the Black Empire of Hayti Comprehending a View of the Principal Transactions in the Revolution of Saint Domingo, with Its Antient and Modern State. London J. Cundee, 1805. Print.